The tuning reference
Practical knowledge for identifying hardware, understanding systems and getting the details right. Written and maintained by the Tuning.wales community.
Manufacturers, families, variants & hardware469 pages Engines
Engine reference & specifications103 pages Vehicles
Platforms, fitment & systems0 pages Tuning
Calibration & working methods38 pages Diagnostics
Fault finding & measurements202 pages Tools
Diagnostic tools, flashing and tuning tools & equipment203 pages Reference
Terminology, abbreviations & shared reference8 pages Flash & Device Programmers
Flash, EEPROM, microcontroller and general-purpose device programmers.95 pages Microcontrollers (MCUs)
Processor families, individual chips, architecture and ECU application examples.5 pages Tuning Software
ECU calibration software, map editors and hex editors.10 pages Tuning Tools
ECU and TCU programming equipment, tuning tool makers and related measurement devices.17 pages
Recently updated
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BMW B57 engines
BMW B57 engine identification, specifications and recorded variants.
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BMW B47 engines
BMW B47 engine identification, specifications and recorded variants.
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BMW B38 engines
BMW B38 engine identification, specifications and recorded variants.
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BMW B37 engines
BMW B37 engine identification, specifications and recorded variants.
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Mercedes Legacy Networks and ECU Coding
Distinguish early Mercedes PC-to-multiplexer links, workshop networks and vehicle diagnostic circuits; explains HHT variant, physical plug and SCN coding.
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Mercedes HHT and HHT WIN
Mercedes-Benz Hand-Held Tester and HHT-WIN: legacy diagnosis, examples of variant coding, connectors and practical compatibility.
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Mercedes STAR and XENTRY Multiplexers
Mercedes diagnostic interface generations: Part D3 or C3, SDconnect or C4, XENTRY Connect, Diagnosis VCI and DoIP distinctions.
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Siemens MSSECU hub
BMW M ECU index, with shared MSS52/MSS54/MSS54HP definition and validation guidance and separate ECU/software references.
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Siemens MSS54HPECU hub
MSS54HP hardware, 64 KiB partial-file geometry, scoped hw2701 definitions and separate CSL software/conversion context.
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MSS54 and MSS54HP definition matching
Match complete software IDs, controller branch, file orientation and confidence metadata to the MSS54/HP XDF collection.
Applies to: Siemens MSS54Siemens MSS54HP
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Siemens MSS54ECU hub
MSS54 definition matching, 32 KiB partial-file context, a scoped hw2801 map reference and the MSS54HP branch.
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MSS52 definition coverage
Match the incomplete MSS52 XDF to D409/D444, its 32 KiB region, source labels and alternative table views.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52
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Siemens MSS52ECU hub
S62B50 MSS52 reference: D409/D444 software identities, definition coverage, fueling, ignition, VANOS and torque guides.
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MSS54HP CSL software and hardware
CSL hw0401 definition context, source release/ZB records and hardware-specific conversion evidence under MSS54HP.
Applies to: Siemens MSS54HP
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MSS54HP hw2701 calibration reference
MSS54HP 211323002701J469 map examples with HP-specific partial offsets, source dimensions and match information.
Applies to: Siemens MSS54HP
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MSS54 partial files and checksums
The repository’s MSS54 512 KiB-to-32 KiB extraction convention, slave/master order and scoped checksum-helper documentation.
Applies to: Siemens MSS54
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MSS54 hw2801 calibration reference
File-relative map examples for MSS54 211322002801J469, with dimensions, conversions and source match ratios.
Applies to: Siemens MSS54
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MSS52 driver demand and torque
MSS52 alternate throttle-map conversions, pedal-request and torque entry points, and temperature-based idle targets.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52
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MSS52 ignition and VANOS
D409/D444 ignition and cam-target definitions, their different axis quantities and the XDF’s alternative angle/overlap views.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52
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MSS52 fueling and lambda
D409/D444 XDF fuel-factor maps, RPM/relative-filling axes, lambda-adaptation entry points and dimensional checks.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52
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MSS calibration validation and change records
Shared MSS52/MSS54/MSS54HP workflow for original reads, dimensional checks, operating-state evidence and reviewable results.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52Siemens MSS54Siemens MSS54HP
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MSS definition files and map interpretation
Shared MSS52/MSS54/MSS54HP guidance for software identity, map names, units, alternate views and definition confidence.
Applies to: Siemens MSS52Siemens MSS54Siemens MSS54HP
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Tuning software: map and hex editors
Directory of desktop, installed and browser-based ECU map and hex editors, with individual wiki listings and workflow guidance.
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Porsche Diagnostics
Directory of Porsche factory diagnostic testers, PIWIS software and their Bosch hardware relationships.
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Porsche and Bosch tester hardware relationships
Compare genuine Porsche testers with related Bosch hardware and reported conversions.
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Bosch KTS 650
Early touchscreen KTS system and a hardware relative of Porsche PIWIS I.
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Bosch KTS 500
1990s portable Bosch system tester and the basis of Porsche System Tester 2.
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Porsche PIWIS Tester I
The first Porsche PIWIS tester and its Bosch KTS 650 platform.
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Porsche System Tester 2
PST2: Porsche’s factory diagnostic system based on the Bosch KTS 500 platform.
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Bosch ME7.5ECU hub
ME7.5 reference with software-specific 1.8T logger settings, diagnostic-code context and output-configuration examples.
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EDC17 Audi 2.0 TDI system examples
Documented Audi EDC17 2.0 TDI injection, air, diagnosis and aftertreatment examples.
Applies to: Bosch EDC17
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Bosch ME7.1ECU hub
ME7.1 variant reference, with separately scoped S4 M-/L-box fueling, load/ignition, logging and output-configuration examples.
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ECU microcontrollers
An introduction to ECU processor families, memory and hardware identification.
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Infineon TriCore
Infineon TriCore architecture, AUDO and AURIX families, and ECU examples.
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Infineon TC1797
AUDO Future TC1797 TriCore microcontroller and a documented ECU example.
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Motorola Freescale MPC5xx
MPC5xx automotive microcontrollers, memory and ECU examples.
Applies to: Bosch EDC16C34Bosch ME9.0
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Motorola MPC561 and MPC562
MPC561 and MPC562 hardware, memory and example ECU applications.
Applies to: Bosch EDC16C34Bosch ME9.0
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EDC16 torque fuel and tuning basics
A practical introduction to EDC16 torque requests, torque-to-fuel modelling, smoke limits and related tuning concepts.
Applies to: Bosch EDC16
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EDC17 torque fuel and tuning basics
An introduction to EDC17 torque requests, torque-to-fuel modelling, injection, air control and related limits.
Applies to: Bosch EDC17
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Bosch EDC17CP09ECU hub
EDC17CP09 BMW application examples, processor identification and calibration coverage.
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BMW OPS and OPPS
BMW optical programming and testing interfaces used with DISplus, GT1 and SSS.
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Nissan and Infiniti CONSULT diagnostics
CONSULT-II, CONSULT-III plus and CONSULT 4 coverage and interfaces.
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Manufacturer diagnostic tools index
Find factory diagnostic tool articles by manufacturer and shared platform.
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Saab diagnostic systems
Saab factory diagnostics using Tech 2 and TIS 2000, with GDS2 for certain later Saab models.
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GM GDS2 and Techline Connect
How GM's GDS2 diagnostic software, MDI interfaces, Tech2Win and Techline Connect fit together.
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GM Tech 2 diagnostic tool
Shared handheld factory scan tool used with suitable software on GM, Opel, Vauxhall, Saab and selected Suzuki vehicles.
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Simos 18 and Simos 19 torque and air model comparison
A source-based comparison of torque requests, air charge, boost and fast/slow responses in Simos 18 and Simos 19 EA888 examples.
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Siemens MSECU hub
Shared MS calibration, injector and logging guidance, with separate MS41, MS42, MS43, MS45 and variant references.
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Siemens MS45.1ECU hub
MS45.1 wideband and secondary-air sensor distinctions, separate full-load adaptation and 457LO02S definition coverage.
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Siemens MS45.0ECU hub
MS45.0 narrowband lambda context and the explicitly scoped E83/E85 456BO02S definition reference.
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Siemens MS45ECU hub
MS45 family file formats, calibration-range ambiguity, integrity layers and links to MS45.0/MS45.1-specific references.
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Siemens MS43ECU hub
M54 MS43 hardware, flash layout, checksum layers, supported definition IDs and links to driver-demand and hardware references.
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Siemens MS42ECU hub
M52TU MS42 hardware, 512 kB memory layout, software-definition coverage and family-specific configuration.
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Siemens MS41.2ECU hub
MS41.2 US S52 context, software matching and a variant-specific evidence record.
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Siemens MS41.1ECU hub
MS41.1 M52 OBDII context, software matching and a variant-specific evidence record.
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Siemens MS41.0ECU hub
MS41.0 M52 context, software matching and a variant-specific evidence record.
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Siemens MS41ECU hub
MS41 family identification, 256 kB memory reference, calibration guide and MS41.0/MS41.1/MS41.2 branches.
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MS42 and MS43 load reference
Measured, injection, ignition and VANOS load signals, their map-axis implications and a diagnostic workflow for MS42/MS43.
Applies to: Siemens MS42Siemens MS43
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MS45 intake model torque and DISA
MS45 intake-model, torque and DISA parameter relationships, with consistency checks for modified airflow.
Applies to: Siemens MS45Siemens MS45.0Siemens MS45.1
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MS45 fuel mass and injector calibration
MS45 fuel-mass and injector-characteristic entry points, with unit-aware starting, adaptation and idle checks.
Applies to: Siemens MS45Siemens MS45.0Siemens MS45.1
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MS43 MS430069 extended load
Scope and matching-file requirements for MS4X’s MS430069 extended-load package for E46 M54B30 EU4 LHD.
Applies to: Siemens MS43
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MS43 hardware and learned variants
MS43 hardware-index, ignition-coil and ambient-pressure-sensor distinctions, with evidence to keep before resetting learned equipment.
Applies to: Siemens MS43
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MS43 driver demand and torque
MS43 pedal-processing and air-actuator entry points, with a structured comparison of request, response and intervention.
Applies to: Siemens MS43
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MS42 configuration and diagnostics
MS42 learned gearbox/A/C equipment, configuration context and a diagnostic record that preserves useful evidence.
Applies to: Siemens MS42
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MS41 calibration map guide
MS41 injection-time, ignition and idle map entry points, with an operating-state and injector-validation workflow.
Applies to: Siemens MS41Siemens MS41.0Siemens MS41.1Siemens MS41.2
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MS42 and MS43 fuel and camshaft control
Shared MS42/MS43 map relationships, cold/warm and VANOS state, fuel corrections and a structured validation record.
Applies to: Siemens MS42Siemens MS43
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MS injector data and fueling checks
Shared injector-data, unit and validation principles, with separate MS41/MS42/MS43 and MS45 calibration paths.
Applies to: Siemens MS41Siemens MS41.0Siemens MS41.1Siemens MS41.2Siemens MS42Siemens MS43Siemens MS45Siemens MS45.0Siemens MS45.1
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MS41, MS42 and MS43 data logging
Match logger definitions to firmware and build useful baseline logs for MS41, MS42 and MS43.
Applies to: Siemens MS41Siemens MS41.0Siemens MS41.1Siemens MS41.2Siemens MS42Siemens MS43
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MS calibration files and programming
Identify MS software, distinguish partial and full images, match definitions, and record a reproducible programming workflow.
Applies to: Siemens MS41Siemens MS41.0Siemens MS41.1Siemens MS41.2Siemens MS42Siemens MS43Siemens MS45Siemens MS45.0Siemens MS45.1
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Ferrari SDX and DEIS diagnostic systems
Ferrari SDX and DEIS-Light diagnostics, manufacturer-stated model coverage and independent-operator access.
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PSA DiagBox diagnostic system
Peugeot, Citroën and DS factory diagnostic software, legacy Lexia and Peugeot Planet 2000, and vehicle interface considerations.
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Toyota ISTA for GR Supra
Toyota's ISTA diagnostic software for new-generation GR Supra and its relationship to BMW ISTA.
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Global Techstream Plus GTS diagnostic system
Toyota Global Techstream+ and its documented use for Subaru Solterra service.
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Ford Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS)
The Ford laptop-based factory diagnostic system, its WDS predecessor and the related Jaguar Land Rover IDS application.
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Ford New Generation STAR NGS diagnostic tester
Ford and Mazda New Generation STAR handheld tester, NGS+ and relevant earlier STAR tools.
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Ford Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS)
Ford's portable dealer diagnostic platform and predecessor of IDS, with cross-brand applications.
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GM Tech 1 diagnostic tool
The shared Tech 1 and Tech 1A diagnostic platform used with distinct GM, Opel/Vauxhall and Suzuki software.
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Vauxhall diagnostic systems
Vauxhall shares the Opel diagnostic application guide; follow the vehicle-specific matrix.
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Opel diagnostic systems
Opel and Vauxhall factory diagnostic applications, from Tech 2 and GDS2 to Diagbox, with model-dependent coverage.
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MG1 torque air fuel and tuning basics
A practical introduction to MG1 torque requests, air charge, petrol fuelling, lambda, ignition and related limits.
Applies to: Bosch MG1
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Saab ISAT diagnostic tool
Saab's Intelligent Saab Tester and ISAT II, their functions and the overlapping introduction of Tech 2.
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MINI diagnostic systems
MINI factory diagnostics and its shared BMW ISTA, ISTA/P and ICOM equipment.
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Isuzu diagnostic systems
Isuzu Tech 2 applications and IDSS for specified Chevrolet low-cab-forward trucks.
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Holden diagnostic systems
Holden factory diagnostic applications using Tech 2, TIS and later GM diagnostic software, with an Isuzu software exception.
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Ford Portable Diagnostic Software PDS
Ford Pocket PC diagnostic software and its relationship to IDS, NGS+ and the VCM interface.
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Early Peugeot and Citroen diagnostic tools
Legacy Peugeot TEP 92 and DIAG 2000, and Citroën ELIT, Lexia and Proxia.
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Chrysler DRB III and legacy diagnostic tools
Shared Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep legacy diagnostic hardware and emulation, with StarSCAN and StarMOBILE context.
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wiTECH diagnostic system
Shared Fiat Chrysler and Stellantis manufacturer diagnostic software, interfaces and legacy Examiner relationship.
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Volvo diagnostic systems
Volvo VST and VIDA diagnostic systems, DiCE, VDS communications and J2534 limitations.
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Volkswagen Group ODIS Service diagnostics
Volkswagen Group factory diagnostic software, VAS interfaces and erWin access.
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Toyota Techstream diagnostics
Toyota, Lexus and Scion Techstream diagnostic platforms and the earlier Diagnostic Tester.
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Tesla Toolbox and Service Mode
Tesla's on-vehicle Service Mode, Toolbox software and diagnostic access.
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Suzuki diagnostic systems
Suzuki factory diagnostic systems including Tech 2, SDT and SDT-II, with specific market and vehicle examples.
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Skoda diagnostic systems
Škoda uses Volkswagen Group ODIS Service.
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SEAT diagnostic systems
SEAT uses Volkswagen Group ODIS Service.
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Renault CLIP and Alliance Diagnostic Tool
Renault and Dacia factory diagnostic applications CLIP and ADT.
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Porsche PIWIS Tester III
Third-generation Porsche diagnostic tester and software.
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Porsche PIWIS Tester 4
Porsche’s fourth-generation PIWIS diagnostic tester.
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Porsche 9288 and System Tester 1
Porsche’s early Bosch-based Hammer and its 9268 predecessor.
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Peugeot diagnostic tools
Entry point to Peugeot factory diagnostics, including DiagBox and Peugeot Planet 2000.
Make it verifiable. Record the exact hardware or vehicle variant, label photographs clearly and include sources. Leave uncertain details open for the next contributor.