Volkswagen Group discontinued petrol engines — Four-cylinder EA827/EA113

Engine-group and variant data from Wikipedia's discontinued petrol list. These are Volkswagen Group records, including other Group marques; a listed application is not automatically a Volkswagen fitment.

View this section in the cited Wikipedia revision.

1.0 R4: 37 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: 030, ID codes: AER, ALD, ALL, ANV, ATE, AUCengine displacement & engine configuration999 cc (61.0 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 67.1 mm × 70.6 mm (2.64 in × 2.78 in), stroke ratio: 0.95:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 249.7 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.8:1cylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; cast aluminium alloy; die-forged steel crankshaftcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; SOHC; 8 valvesaspirationcast ironfuel system & engine managementBosch Digifant engine control unit; Bosch Motronic MP 9.0 electronic enginEWG -rated motive power & torque output, application, ID codes37 kW (50 PS; 50 bhp) — Volkswagen Industrial Motor (AER: 02/99–05/00, ATE: 06/00->)DIN-rated motive power & torque output37 kW (50 PS; 50 bhp) at 5,000 rpm; 86 N⋅m (63 lbf⋅ft) at 3,000–3,600 rpm — (discontinued)applicationsSEAT Arosa (AER: 02/97–09/99, ALL: 08/97–05/99, ALD/ANV: 07/99–07/00, AUC: 07/00–06/04),

1.3 R4: 40–44 kW

Source fieldEngine dataengine ID codesEP, EU, ZA, ZPengine displacement & engine configuration1,297 cc (79.1 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke (mm): 75.0 × 73.4, 324.25 cc per cylinder. Sometimes listed as 1,296 cccylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; die-forged steel crankshaftcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; SOHCDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs40 kW (55 PS; 54 bhp) at 5500 rpm; 91–94 N⋅m (67–69 lbf⋅ft) at 3200 rpm (ZA/ZP)DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs44 kW (60 PS; 59 bhp) at 5600 rpm; 100 N⋅m (74 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (EP/EU)applicationsAudi 80 (B1), Volkswagen Passat (B1, B2), Volkswagen Santana (B2)

1.6 R4 51–75 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: 06B, ID code: AHP (75 kW)engine displacement & engine configuration1,595 cc (97.3 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 81.0 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in), stroke ratio: 1.05:1 – over-square/short-stroke, 398.8 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.3:1cylinder block & crankcasealuminium alloy; die-forged steel crankshaftcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; SOHCfuel system & engine managementBosch ME 7 electronic engine control ufuel system & engine managementLPG; indirect injectionDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes51 kW (70 PS; 69 bhp) at 5,200 rpm; 118 N⋅m (87 lbf⋅ft) at 2,700 rpm — carburettor, G-Kat; PPDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes74 kW (100 PS; 99 bhp) at 5,800 rpm; 140 N⋅m (103 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm — AFT, AKSDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes75 kW (102 PS; 101 bhp) at 6,300 rpm; 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm — ABBDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes74 kW (100 PS; 99 bhp) at 5,800 rpm; 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm — AEK (10/94–12/95) – Golf, Vento, PassatDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes74 kW (100 PS; 99 bhp) at 5,300 rpm; 140 N⋅m (103 lbf⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm — ANA, ARM, ADP, AHLDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes74 kW (100 PS; 99 bhp) at 5,600 rpm; 145 N⋅m (107 lbf⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm — AEH, AKL, APF, AUR, AWHDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes75 kW (102 PS; 101 bhp) at 5,600 rpm; 148 N⋅m (109 lbf⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm — ALZ, AVU, AYD, BFQ, BFS, BGU, BSE, BSF, CCS, CHG, CMXapplicationsAudi : Audi A3 Mk1 & Mk2 (AEH: 09/96–06/01, AKL: 08/97–06/03, APF: 06/99–08/00, AVU: 05/00–04/02, BFQ: 05/02–06/03, BGU: 05/03–05/05, BSE/BSF: 06/05–03/13, CCSA: 12/07–03/13, CMXA: 05/08–03/13), Audi 80 (ABB: 08/90–05/93), Audi A4 B5, B6 & B7 (ADP: 11/94–10/96, AHL: 10/96–07/99, ANA: 08/98–06/00, ARM: 08/98–10/91, ALZ: 06/00–06/08), Audi 100 (ABB: 03/92–07/93)applicationsSEAT : SEAT Ibiza Mk2 (AFT: 09/95–06/99, AKL: 06/99–05/02, AEH: 01/00–05/02, APF: 03/00–10/00, AUR: 07/00–05/02), SEAT Córdoba Mk1 (AFT: 09/95–06/99, AKL: 06/99–08/02, AEH: 01/00–08/02, APF: 03/00–10/00, AUR: 07/00–08/02), SEAT León Mk1 & Mk2 (AEH: 08/99–10/05, AKL: 11/99–10/05, BFQ: 10/05–06/06, BSE/BSF: 07/05–12/12, CCSA: 07/05–12/12, CHGA: 12/09–12/12, CMXA: 05/10–12/12), SEAT Altea (BGU: 03/04–05/05, BSE/BSF: 05/05–06/13, CCSA: 12/07–06/13, CHGA: 09/09–07/15, CMXA: 05/10–06/13), SEAT Toledo Mk1, Mk2 & Mk3 (AFT, AKS: 09/96–03/99, AKL: 10/98–07/04, AEH: 11/98–07/04, BGU: 02/04–03/06, BSE/BSF: 05/05–05/09, CCSA: 12/07–05/09), SEAT Exeo (ALZ: 03/09–09/10)applicationsŠkoda : Škoda Octavia Mk1 & Mk2 (AEH: 12/97–12/07, AKL: 08/98–12/07, AVU: 08/00–04/02, BFQ: 04/02–12/10, BGU: 05/04–05/05, BSE/BSF: 05/05–06/13, CCSA: 11/07–06/13, CHGA: 08/09–11/12, CMXA: 11/08–06/13)applicationsVW/VWCV : Volkswagen Polo Mk3 (AFT: 12/95–08/99, AEH/AKL: 10/99–09/01, APF: 03/00–10/00, AUR: 07/99–09/01), Volkswagen Golf Mk3 (AFT: 07/95–10/00, AKS: 04/97–10/00), Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (AKL: 10/97–05/04, AEH: 01/98–05/04, APF: 05/99–04/01, AVU: 09/99–04/02), Volkswagen Golf Mk5 (BFQ: 05/02–06/06, BGU: 01/04–07/07, BSE/BSF: 05/05–12/13, CCSA: 11/07–12/08), Volkswagen Golf Mk6 (CCSA: 01/09–12/13, CHGA: 03/09–12/13, CMXA: 10/08–12/13), Volkswagen Vento (AFT: 01/96–12/97, AKS: 04/97–12/97), Volkswagen Bora (AKL: 08/98–05/05, AEH: 09/98–05/05, APF: 05/99–09/00, AVU: 09/99–04/02, BFQ: 05/02–05/05), Volkswagen Jetta (74 kW AHP: 05/98–01/02, BGU: 05/04–05/05, BSE/BSF: 08/05->, CCSA: 01/08–10/10), Volkswagen Touran (BGU: 07/03–05/05, BSE/BSF: 06/05–05/10), Volkswagen New Beetle (AWH: 11/99–10/00, AYD: 06/00–07/05, BFS: 06/02–09/10), VW Passat B4, B5 & B6 (AFT: 12/95–12/96, ADP: 01/97–10/97, AHL: 10/96–08/00, ARM: 01/99–08/00, ANA: 07/99–08/00, ALZ: 10/00–05/05, BSE/BSF: 05/05–11/10), Volkswagen Caddy Mk3 (BGU: 04/04–05/05, BSE/BSF: 06/05–05/15, CHGA: 05/11–05/15) Volkswagen Citi Mk1, Volkswagen VeloCITI, Volkswagen Citi Life

1.8 R4 50–74 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: ???engine displacement & engine configuration1,781 cc (108.7 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 81.0 mm × 86.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.40 in), stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylindercylinder block & crankcasegrey cast ironcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; SOHCEWG -rated motive power & torque output, ID code & application50 kW (68 PS; 67 bhp) — 262 : Volkswagen Industrial Motor (06/83–03/94)DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp) at 5,000 rpm; 140 N⋅m (103 lbf⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm — AAM, ANN, DDDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp) at 5,200 rpm; 142 N⋅m (105 lbf⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm — RPDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp) at 5,500 rpm; 145 N⋅m (107 lbf⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm — ABS, ADZ, ANP, ACC, ADDDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes72 kW (98 PS; 97 bhp) at 5,400 rpm; 143 N⋅m (105 lbf⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm — 1PDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes74 kW (101 PS; 99 bhp) at 5,200 rpm; 155 N⋅m (114 lbf⋅ft) at 3,800 rpm — AYJapplicationsAudi 80 , Audi 100 , SEAT Ibiza Mk2, SEAT Córdoba Mk1, SEAT Toledo Mk1, Volkswagen Golf Mk2 , Volkswagen Golf Mk3 , Volkswagen Golf Mk3.5 Cabriolet , Volkswagen Golf Mk3 Variant, Volkswagen Vento , VW Jetta Mk2 , VW Jetta Mk3 , VW Passat B2 , VW Passat B3 , VW Passat B4 , Volkswagen Santana 2000

1.8 R4 16V 102 kW

Source fieldEngine dataengine ID codePL, KRengine displacement & engine configuration1,781 cc (108.7 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 81.0 mm × 86.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.40 in), stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10:1cylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; die-forged steel crankshaftcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; DOHCcylinder head & valvetrain16 valvesfuel system & engine managementBosch K-JetronicDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, applications16v : 102 kW (139 PS; 137 bhp) VW Golf , VW Passat B3 , VW Scirocco Mk2 16V

1.8 R4 82 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: ???, ID code: DZengine displacement & engine configuration1,781 cc (108.7 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore: 81.0 mm (3.19 in), stroke: 86.4 mm (3.40 in)cylinder block & crankcasegrey cast ironcylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; SOHCDIN-rated motive power & torque output82 kW; 112 PS; 110 bhpapplicationsAudi 80 (01/83–12/91), Audi 90 (08/89–12/91), Audi Coupé B2/B3 (08/86–07/91)

1.8 R4 20v 92 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: ???, ID codes: AGN, APG, ADR, ARG, APT, AVVengine displacement & engine configuration1,781 cc (108.7 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore: 81.0 mm (3.19 in), stroke: 86.4 mm (3.40 in)cylinder block & crankcasegrey cast ironcylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; DOHCfuel system & engine managementBosch Motronic ME 7.5 electronic enginDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp) at 5,800 rpm; 168 N⋅m (124 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpmDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp) at 6,000 rpm; 170 N⋅m (125 lbf⋅ft) at 4,200 rpmDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp) at 5,800 rpm; 173 N⋅m (128 lbf⋅ft) at 3,950 rpmapplicationsAudi A3 (AGN: 09/96–08/00, APG: 11/99–06/03), Audi A4 (ADR: 11/94–04/99, ARG: 07/98–11/01, APT: 02/99–09/01, AVV: 06/00–09/01), Audi Cabriolet (ADR: 04/97–08/00), Audi A6 (ADR: 10/95–11/97), SEAT León (AGN: 11/99–12/03, APG: 06/00–10/05), SEAT Toledo (AGN: 10/98–12/03, APG: 06/00–07/04), Škoda Octavia (AGN: 10/96–1999), Volkswagen Passat (ADR: 12/96–01/99, APT: 01/99–08/00, ARG: 02/99–08/00), Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (AGN: 10/97–11/00), Volkswagen Bora (AGN: 02/99–10/00)

2.0 8V R4 (EA827)

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: ???engine displacement & engine configuration1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 82.5 mm × 92.8 mm (3.25 in × 3.65 in), stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.0–10.5:1cylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; die-forged steel crankshaft; forged steel connecting rodscylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; SOHC; 8 valves; timing beltaspirationcast aluminium alloyengine managementBosch Motronic or Siemens Simos electrEWG-rated motive power & torque outputs, application, ID codes37 kW (50 PS; 50 bhp) at 2,800 rpm; 140 N⋅m (103 lbf⋅ft) at 2,100–2,400 rpm — Volkswagen Industrial Motor multi-fuel ( petrol / LPG / CNG ) – CBS (08/06->)EWG-rated motive power & torque outputs, application, ID codes43 kW (58 PS; 58 bhp) at 2,800 rpm; 143 N⋅m (105 lbf⋅ft) at 2,100–2,400 rpm — Volkswagen Industrial Motor multi-fuel ( petrol / LPG / CNG ) – BEF (04/02->)DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes80 kW (109 PS; 107 bhp) at 5,400 rpm; 160 N⋅m (118 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm — Ecofuel (bivalent) at 2,600 rpm — ATMDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes85 kW (115 PS; 113 bhp) at 5,400 rpm; 172 N⋅m (127 lbf⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm — AZH, AZJDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes85 kW (115 PS; 113 bhp) at 5,400 rpm; 172 N⋅m (127 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm — AZMDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes85 kW (115 PS; 113 bhp) at 5,200 rpm; 170 N⋅m (125 lbf⋅ft) at 2,700–4,700 rpm — AXA, AZL, AQYDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes88 kW (120 PS; 118 bhp) at 5,600 rpm; 174 N⋅m (128 lbf⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm — ATFDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes88 kW (120 PS; 118 bhp) at 5,600 rpm; 175 N⋅m (129 lbf⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm — AUZ, ASU, AVAapplicationsSEAT Ibiza Mk2 & Mk3, SEAT Córdoba , SEAT Toledo Mk1, SEAT Alhambra , Škoda Fabia Mk1 (6Y) , Škoda Octavia Mk1 (1U) , Škoda Superb Mk1 (3U) , Volkswagen Santana , Volkswagen Polo Mk4 , Volkswagen Golf Mk3 , Volkswagen Golf Mk4 , Volkswagen Vento , Volkswagen Bora , Volkswagen Jetta , Volkswagen New Beetle , VW Passat B3 , VW Passat B4 , VW Passat B5 , Volkswagen Transporter (T5) , Volkswagen Industrial Motor

2.0 R4 16v 100–110 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: ???, ID codes: ABF, 9Aengine displacement & engine configuration1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore: 82.5 mm (3.25 in), stroke: 92.8 mm (3.65 in), stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 496.0 cc per cylindercylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; die-forged steel crankshaft; forged steel connecting rodscylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; DOHC; 16 valvesaspirationcast aluminium alloyengine managementSiemens 5WP4 304; Bosch MotronicDIN-rated motive power & torque outputs9A : 100 kW (136 PS; 134 bhp) at 5,800 rpm; 180 N⋅m (133 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm (CIS-E & Motronic)DIN-rated motive power & torque outputsABF : 110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp) at 6,000rpm; 180 N⋅m (133 lbf⋅ft) at 4,800 rpmapplicationsSEAT Córdoba SX , SEAT Ibiza Cupra , SEAT Toledo , Volkswagen Vento/Jetta , Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V , Volkswagen Passat

2.0 R4 20v 96 kW

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: 06B, ID code: ALTengine displacement & engine configuration1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore: 82.5 mm (3.25 in), stroke: 92.8 mm (3.65 in)cylinder block & crankcasecast aluminium alloy; die-forged steel crankshaft; forged steel connecting rodscylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; DOHC; 20 valvesaspirationcast aluminium alloyfuel system & engine managementBosch Motronic electronic engine contrDIN-rated motive power & torque output96 kW (131 PS; 129 bhp) at 5,700 rpm; 195 N⋅m (144 lbf⋅ft) at 3,300 rpmapplicationsAudi A4 (12/00–06/08), Audi A6 (06/01–01/05), Volkswagen Passat (11/01–05/05)

2.0 R4 16v FSI (EA113)

Source fieldEngine dataidentificationparts code prefix: 06D, ID code: AXW, BLR, BLY, BPG, BVY, BVZ, BWT (North America)engine displacement & engine configuration1,984 cc (121.1 cu in) inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore × stroke: 82.5 mm × 92.8 mm (3.25 in × 3.65 in), stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 11.5:1cylinder block & crankcasealuminium alloy; die-forged steel crankshaftcylinder head & valvetraincast aluminium alloy; DOHC; 16 valvesfuel systemFSIDIN-rated motive power & torque output110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp) at 6,000 rpm; 200 N⋅m (148 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpmapplicationsVW Golf Mk5 , VW Jetta , VW Passat , Audi A3 , Audi A4 , Škoda Octavia , SEAT León , SEAT Toledo , SEAT Altea

Volkswagen Group engine directory

Additional mechanical and system details

The source may discuss several variants in each section. These are reported components and systems, not a guarantee that every item applies to every code.

1.0 R4: 37 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; aluminium alloy; forged-steel crankshaft; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; total valves: 8; single overhead camshaft; hydraulic valve-clearance adjustmentfuel system & engine managementcommon rail mentioned; indirect injection; multipoint injection

1.3 R4: 40–44 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; forged-steel crankshaft; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; single overhead camshaft; timing-belt drivefuel system & engine managementcarburettor

1.6 R4 51–75 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasealuminium alloy; forged-steel crankshaft; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; single overhead camshaftfuel system & engine managementcarburettorfuel system & engine managementindirect injection; multipoint injection; management or injection designation: Bosch ME 7fuel system & engine managementindirect injection; LPG specified

1.8 R4 50–74 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; single overhead camshaftfuel systemcarburettor

1.8 R4 16V 102 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; forged-steel crankshaft; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; double overhead camshaft; hydraulic valve-clearance adjustmentcylinder head & valvetrainvalves per cylinder: four; total valves: 16

1.8 R4 82 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; single overhead camshaftfuel systemindirect injection; multipoint injection

1.8 R4 20v 92 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: five; double overhead camshaftfuel system & engine managementindirect injection; multipoint injection; management or injection designation: Bosch Motronic ME 7.5

2.0 8V R4 (EA827)

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; forged-steel crankshaft; specified connecting rods: forged steel connecting rods; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: two; total valves: 8; single overhead camshaft; timing-belt drive

2.0 R4 16v 100–110 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasegrey cast iron; forged-steel crankshaft; specified connecting rods: forged steel connecting rods; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: four; total valves: 16; double overhead camshaft

2.0 R4 20v 96 kW

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasealuminium alloy; forged-steel crankshaft; specified connecting rods: forged steel connecting rods; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: five; total valves: 20; double overhead camshaftfuel system & engine managementindirect injection; multipoint injection

2.0 R4 16v FSI (EA113)

Source fieldAdditional hardware and system detailscylinder block & crankcasealuminium alloy; forged-steel crankshaft; main bearings: fivecylinder head & valvetrainaluminium alloy; valves per cylinder: four; total valves: 16; double overhead camshaftfuel systemcommon rail mentioned; fuel-stratified injection

Data adapted from the cited Wikipedia revision by Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0. Production dates and fitments reflect that revision; verify the exact engine code, market and vehicle before applying a specification.

Sources

Curated reference notes. Applicability follows the cited sources; hardware testing by this wiki is not implied.

Wikipedia: List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines. Wikipedia contributors; CC BY-SA 4.0. Source revision oldid 1381198237; accessed 2026-11-10.